n-Butanol is a clear, colorless liquid organic compound with a characteristic alcohol odor, used as a solvent, chemical intermediate, and in the manufacture of plastics, coatings, and pharmaceuticals.
🏭⚗️ Production
n-Butanol (C₄H₉OH) is produced industrially mainly by the oxo process (hydroformylation of propylene followed by hydrogenation) or by fermentation of biomass-derived sugars (biobutanol). It can also be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of butyraldehyde or reduction of butyric acid derivatives.
🔬 Properties
The chemical formula is C₄H₁₀O with a molar mass of approximately 74.12 g/mol. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a boiling point around 117.7 °C, a melting point of -89.8 °C, and moderate solubility in water (~7.9 g/100 mL at 20 °C). n-Butanol is flammable, moderately volatile, and has a characteristic alcoholic smell.
🧪 Applications
n-Butanol is used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and adhesives, as a chemical intermediate in the production of butyl acrylate and other esters, in the manufacture of plasticizers, as a fuel additive, and in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It is also used in laboratory settings as a solvent and reagent.
⚠️ Safety
n-Butanol is flammable and can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause central nervous system effects. It should be handled with appropriate protective equipment including gloves, goggles, and adequate ventilation. It should be stored away from heat, sparks, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers.
