گیمسا استین

Giemsa stain is a classical histological and cytogenetic stain used primarily for the microscopic examination of blood and bone marrow smears, as well as for detecting parasites and chromosomes. It is a member of the Romanowsky-type stains and provides excellent nuclear and cytoplasmic contrast.

🏭⚗️ Production
Giemsa stain is prepared by combining methylene blue, eosin, and azure B dyes dissolved in methanol and glycerol. The stock solution is diluted with a buffered aqueous solution (commonly pH 6.8) just before use. The stain binds differentially to cellular components based on their chemical properties and affinity for acidic or basic dyes.

🔬 Properties
This stain imparts a pink to red color to cytoplasm and a blue to violet color to nuclei and chromatin. It also highlights intracellular parasites and chromosomal structures with clarity. Giemsa solution is stable and typically stored as a concentrated solution. It works best with fresh, well-prepared smears and a defined staining time.

🧪 Applications
• Hematology: Used for staining peripheral blood and bone marrow smears to identify various blood cells and detect abnormalities.
• Parasitology: Essential for diagnosing malaria, leishmaniasis, and other parasitic infections by staining protozoan parasites within blood cells.
• Cytogenetics: Employed in G-banding of chromosomes, helping to identify structural abnormalities and karyotype analysis.
• Histology: Sometimes used to stain tissue sections, especially when parasites or cellular detail is under investigation.