کوپر (ii) کربنات هیدروکسیدهیدرات

Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide hydrate is a green, crystalline inorganic compound that naturally occurs as the minerals malachite and azurite. It serves as a precursor to various copper-based materials and has historical significance as a pigment in art and decoration. This compound is practically insoluble in water and typically appears as a fine green powder or crystalline solid.

🏭⚗️ Production
Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide hydrate is commonly produced by reacting a soluble copper(II) salt, such as copper(II) sulfate, with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. This double displacement reaction forms a green precipitate of basic copper carbonate, which is then filtered, washed, and dried. In nature, the compound is found in weathered copper ore deposits as malachite (Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃) and azurite (Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂), both of which are important copper-bearing minerals.

🔬 Properties
The chemical formula is typically written as Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃, with a molar mass of approximately 221.12 g/mol. It appears as a green to bluish-green powder or crystalline solid and is odorless. The compound is insoluble in water and alcohol, but reacts with acids, releasing carbon dioxide and forming copper salts. It decomposes upon heating, producing copper(II) oxide, water, and carbon dioxide. It is stable under normal storage conditions and maintains its structure in dry air.

🧪 Applications
Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide hydrate is used as a pigment in paints, ceramics, and cosmetics, historically known as “verdegris” or “mountain green.” It also serves as a precursor in the synthesis of other copper compounds and is sometimes used in fungicides and wood preservatives. In educational settings, it is used in demonstrations of decomposition reactions and as a source of copper in laboratory chemistry.

⚠️ Safety
This compound should be handled with care, as ingestion or inhalation can be harmful. Exposure to dust may irritate the respiratory system, skin, or eyes. Prolonged exposure to copper compounds may lead to metal fume fever or liver and kidney effects. Appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and dust masks should be used. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from acids and incompatible materials.