کروم (iii) کلراید هگزاهیدراته

Chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate is a dark green to violet crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and commonly used in chemical synthesis, electroplating, and as a source of chromium(III) ions in laboratory and industrial processes.

🏭⚗️ Production
Chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate is typically produced by dissolving chromium metal or chromium(III) oxide in hydrochloric acid, followed by crystallization. It can also be obtained by reacting chromium(III) hydroxide with hydrochloric acid and allowing the solution to evaporate, forming the hexahydrate crystals.

🔬 Properties
The chemical formula of this compound is CrCl₃·6H₂O, and its molar mass is approximately 266.45 g/mol. It appears as dark green or purple crystals, depending on the hydration structure and method of preparation. It is highly soluble in water, forming violet or green solutions based on the coordination complex formed in solution. The compound is hygroscopic and loses water upon heating, eventually converting to the anhydrous form.

🧪 Applications
Chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate is widely used as a precursor for other chromium compounds, in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid, and in electroplating baths for chromium coating. It is also used in the production of pigments, tanning of leather, and as a catalyst in certain polymerization reactions. In academic and industrial laboratories, it serves as a source of Cr³⁺ ions for coordination chemistry and spectroscopic studies.

⚠️ Safety
Chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate should be handled with care, as inhalation or ingestion may cause irritation to the respiratory and digestive systems. Although chromium(III) is less toxic than chromium(VI), chronic exposure should still be avoided. Contact with skin or eyes may result in mild irritation. The compound should be handled using appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, lab coats, and safety goggles, and stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances like strong oxidizers.