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Cobalt sulfate is a reddish-pink, water-soluble inorganic salt that is primarily used as a source of cobalt ions in electrochemical, industrial, and agricultural applications. It is most commonly found as a heptahydrate, known for its vibrant color and solubility in water.

🏭⚗️ Production
Cobalt sulfate is typically produced by reacting elemental cobalt, cobalt oxide, or cobalt hydroxide with sulfuric acid. This process yields cobalt sulfate in various hydrated forms, most notably cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate (CoSO₄·7H₂O). The heptahydrate is stable only under humid conditions (above 70% relative humidity) and may convert to lower hydrates in drier environments.

🔬 Properties
The chemical formula of cobalt sulfate is CoSO₄, and the most common hydrated form is CoSO₄·7H₂O, with a molar mass of approximately 281.10 g/mol. It appears as rose-pink to red crystals and is highly soluble in water. The compound is hygroscopic and melts around 96.8 °C, releasing water of hydration. It crystallizes in a monoclinic system and forms coordination complexes easily due to the cobalt(II) ion.

🧪 Applications
Cobalt sulfate is widely used in electroplating to apply thin cobalt coatings. In the battery industry, it is an important precursor for cobalt-containing cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries. It also serves as a micronutrient in animal feed, particularly for ruminants. Additionally, it is used in the production of ceramic and porcelain pigments and as a drying agent in inks and paints.

⚠️ Safety
Cobalt sulfate is classified as harmful and potentially carcinogenic upon prolonged exposure. It may cause skin, eye, or respiratory irritation and is toxic to aquatic life. Proper handling includes the use of gloves, goggles, and masks. The substance should be stored in a tightly sealed container in a dry, well-ventilated area, away from acids and oxidizing agents.