هیدروکلریک اسید 10%

Hydrochloric acid 10% is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride that is strongly acidic and widely used in laboratories and pharmaceutical processes where a moderately concentrated, easier‑to‑handle acid is required.

🏭⚗️ Production
It is prepared by diluting concentrated hydrochloric acid with distilled water under cooling and agitation to reach the target 10% w/w concentration; dilution must always be performed by adding acid to water slowly to avoid exotherm and splashing.

🔬 Properties
The active species is HCl (aq); a 10% w/w solution corresponds approximately to ~2.9 M (actual molarity depends on solution density and temperature). The solution is fully miscible with water, strongly acidic, corrosive, and a good proton donor and chloride source; it reacts with metals to release hydrogen gas and with carbonates/bicarbonates to release CO₂. It is volatile to some extent (fumes of HCl gas may evolve, especially if warmed) and should be treated as a corrosive oxidizer of some materials.

🧪 Applications
In laboratory and pharmaceutical settings 10% HCl is commonly used for pH adjustment, acidification, preparation and neutralization steps, removal of carbonate residues from glassware, cleaning and etching of metal surfaces, and as a reagent in synthetic and analytical procedures where a moderately strong acid is required under controlled conditions. It is also used in certain drug‑manufacturing steps when a milder concentration than concentrated acid is desirable.

⚠️ Safety
Hydrochloric acid 10% is corrosive and can cause severe skin and eye burns and respiratory irritation; inhalation of vapors or mists may damage the respiratory tract. Handling must occur in a fume hood with appropriate PPE: chemical‑resistant gloves, splash goggles or face shield, and lab coat or apron. Always add acid to water when diluting; store in compatible, clearly labeled acid‑resistant containers away from bases, oxidizers, and metals. In case of skin or eye contact rinse immediately with copious water and seek medical attention; spills should be neutralized with appropriate neutralizing agent and cleaned up by trained personnel.