مرکوری II سولفات

Mercury(II) sulfate is a white to yellow crystalline inorganic compound widely used in chemical laboratories, particularly known for its role as a catalyst in organic synthesis and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.

🏭⚗️ Production
Mercury(II) sulfate is typically produced by reacting elemental mercury or mercury(II) oxide with concentrated sulfuric acid, resulting in the formation of mercury(II) sulfate and water. This reaction yields a solid crystalline salt that must be handled under strictly controlled conditions due to the compound’s toxicity and reactivity.

🔬 Properties
The chemical formula is HgSO₄, with a molar mass of approximately 296.66 g/mol. Mercury(II) sulfate appears as a white to yellow, odorless, crystalline solid. It is sparingly soluble in cold water and decomposes in hot water, forming basic mercury salts. In aqueous acidic solutions, it dissociates into Hg²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions. It is thermally stable but sensitive to moisture and light, and acts as a strong oxidizing agent. The compound is also corrosive and environmentally hazardous, requiring special storage and handling precautions.

🧪 Applications
Mercury(II) sulfate is widely used in laboratory synthesis as a catalyst in the hydration of alkynes to produce ketones and aldehydes. It also finds use in analytical chemistry, including as a reagent in electrochemical reactions and in nitrogen determination by the Kjeldahl method. Although it was once applied in pharmaceutical compound analysis and industrial processes such as vinyl chloride production, its use today is restricted due to its high toxicity and environmental risks.

⚠️ Safety
Mercury(II) sulfate is highly toxic and corrosive, posing serious health risks through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. It may cause mercury poisoning, kidney damage, neurological disorders, and is classified as a reproductive toxin and cumulative poison. Prolonged or repeated exposure can result in chronic mercury accumulation in the body. It must be handled only in well-ventilated fume hoods, using gloves, goggles, and other personal protective equipment. Mercury(II) sulfate should be stored in tightly sealed containers, away from heat, light, and incompatible materials, and all waste must be treated as hazardous and disposed of in accordance with regulatory guidelines.