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Sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate) is a white crystalline powder commonly used in food, medicine, and chemical applications as a mild base and buffering agent.

🏭⚗️ Production
Sodium bicarbonate is produced industrially through the Solvay process, where carbon dioxide is passed through a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, leading to the precipitation of sodium bicarbonate crystals.

🔬 Properties
Sodium hydrogen carbonate appears as a white, odorless crystalline solid with a slightly alkaline taste. Its chemical formula is NaHCO₃, and it has a molar mass of approximately 84.01 g/mol. It is moderately soluble in water, decomposes upon heating to release carbon dioxide, and has a decomposition point around 50°C to 60°C.

🧪 Applications
Sodium bicarbonate is widely used as a leavening agent in baking, a pH buffer in pharmaceuticals, and an antacid for relieving heartburn. It is also used in fire extinguishers, cleaning products, and chemical laboratories as a mild alkali.

⚠️ Safety
Sodium bicarbonate is generally considered safe and non-toxic in typical household and industrial concentrations. However, excessive ingestion may lead to metabolic alkalosis, and dust may cause minor eye or respiratory irritation. It should be stored in a dry, sealed container away from acids and moisture.