Perchloric acid 60%
Perchloric acid 60% is a clear, colorless to slightly yellow aqueous solution with a sharp, acidic odor. It is a powerful acid and oxidizing agent, commonly used in analytical chemistry and various industrial processes.
🏭⚗️ Production
Perchloric acid is typically produced by reacting sodium perchlorate with hydrochloric acid or by distilling potassium perchlorate with concentrated sulfuric acid. The 60% concentration is prepared by diluting higher concentrations of the acid with distilled water under controlled conditions, ensuring stability and safety for laboratory use.
🔬 Properties
Perchloric acid with 60% concentration has the chemical formula HClO₄ (aq) and a molar mass of approximately 100.46 g/mol. It is a strong monoprotic acid and is completely miscible with water. At this concentration, the solution is less volatile and less reactive than the concentrated (>70%) form, but still highly corrosive. It has a density of approximately 1.53 g/cm³ at 20 °C and remains a strong oxidizer, particularly when heated or mixed with organic materials.
🧪 Applications
Perchloric acid 60% is commonly used in analytical chemistry for sample digestion and preparation, especially in gravimetric and trace metal analysis. It is also employed in electropolishing, explosives manufacturing, and catalysis, and as a component in the preparation of perchlorate salts. Its controlled oxidizing power at this concentration makes it suitable for applications where stronger oxidizing conditions are not required.
⚠️ Safety
Perchloric acid 60% is highly corrosive and dangerous upon contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Although it is less hazardous than more concentrated solutions, it still poses significant fire and explosion risks, especially when in contact with organic materials, reducing agents, or when heated. All work involving perchloric acid should be conducted in a perchloric acid fume hood to prevent vapor buildup. Proper PPE including acid-resistant gloves, face protection, and chemical-resistant lab coats is essential. It should be stored in compatible containers, away from flammables, and in cool, well-ventilated areas.
