N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)
| Formula | C3H7NO |
| Chemical formula | HCON(CH3)2 |
| Density | 0.94 g/cm3 (20°C) |
| Molar mass | 73.10 g/mol |
| CAS number | 68-12-2 |
| HS Code | 29241900 |
| EC number | 200-679-5 |
| Storage | at 15 to 25 °C |
| RTECS | LQ2100000 |
| R phrase | R 61-E20/21-36 |
| S phrase | S 53-45 |
| SDS | available |
| Odour | weakly amine like |
| Form | liquid |
| Color | colourless |
| Explosion temprature | 2.2 to 16 vol % |
| Ignition temprature | 410 °c |
| p H value | 7 (200g/l 20°C) |
| Solubility in water | soluble (20°C) |
| Solubility in ethanol | soluble |
| Solubility in chloroform | soluble |
| Flash point | 58 °C |
| Boiling point | 153 °C |
| Melting point | -61 °C |
| Vapoure pressure | 3.77 hPa |
| Thermal decomposition | >350 °c |
| Viscosity dynamical | 0.82 mPa*s (20°C) |
| Saturation concentration | 12 g/m3 (20°C) |
| Assay | ≥ | 99.0 | % |
| Description | Conforms | ||
| Identification | Conforms | ||
| Solubility | Conforms | ||
| Density | 0.948 – 0.949 | g/cm3 | |
| Acidity | ≤ | 0.0005 | meq/g |
| Alkalinity | ≤ | 0.0002 | meq/g |
| Heavy metals | ≤ | 0.0002 | % |
| Evaporation residue | ≤ | 0.001 | % |
| Water | ≤ | 0.1 | % |
N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a colorless, highly polar organic liquid widely used as a solvent in chemical reactions, polymer production, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is known for its ability to dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds.
🏭⚗️ Production
DMF is produced industrially by reacting dimethylamine with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst. Another method involves reacting dimethylamine with methyl formate under controlled temperature and pressure, followed by purification and distillation.
🔬 Properties
N,N-Dimethylformamide has the chemical formula C₃H₇NO and a molar mass of approximately 73.09 g/mol. It is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a faint ammonia-like odor. DMF is miscible with water and most organic solvents. It has a high boiling point (~153 °C), low volatility, and a high dielectric constant, which makes it particularly suitable as a polar aprotic solvent. It can decompose under heat or in contact with strong acids or bases.
🧪 Applications
DMF is extensively used as a solvent in organic synthesis, including reactions like peptide coupling and polymer processing. It serves as a medium for manufacturing adhesives, acrylic fibers, synthetic leathers, and surface coatings. In the pharmaceutical industry, DMF is used in drug synthesis and formulation. It is also employed in the electronics industry for the production of semiconductors and circuit boards.
⚠️ Safety
N,N-Dimethylformamide is classified as toxic and potentially carcinogenic. Prolonged or repeated exposure can affect the liver and may cause skin absorption, respiratory irritation, or central nervous system effects. Proper ventilation, gloves, and protective clothing must be used when handling this compound. It should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat and incompatible substances.
