Nitric acid 32 %

Nitric acid 32% is a colorless to slightly yellow, corrosive mineral acid solution widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories, particularly known for its role in nitration reactions, sample digestion, and metal analysis.

🏭⚗️ Production
Nitric acid at thirty-two percent concentration is typically prepared by diluting more concentrated forms of nitric acid with deionized water under controlled conditions. Industrially, nitric acid is produced by the oxidation of ammonia through the Ostwald process, which involves catalytic oxidation steps and absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water to produce nitric acid.

🔬 Properties
Nitric acid at thirty-two percent concentration is a clear, corrosive liquid with a sharp, acrid odor. It has a boiling point lower than that of concentrated nitric acid due to the presence of water and is fully miscible with water in all proportions. It acts as a strong acid and powerful oxidizing agent, capable of reacting with both organic and inorganic substances. Its relatively moderate concentration makes it suitable for routine laboratory procedures, particularly when a safer or more controlled reaction is desired compared to the use of highly concentrated nitric acid.

🧪 Applications
In pharmaceutical and analytical laboratories, nitric acid at thirty-two percent is commonly used for sample digestion, metal ion analysis, and preparation of test solutions. It is employed in cleaning laboratory glassware and equipment by removing organic residues and metal contaminants. In synthetic chemistry, it is used in mild nitration reactions and as an oxidizing agent. It also plays a role in preparing pharmaceutical intermediates and reagents under regulated conditions, where its lower concentration provides greater control over reaction rates and safety.

⚠️ Safety
Nitric acid 32% is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation. It produces toxic nitrogen oxide fumes when heated or in contact with certain metals. Proper laboratory safety measures are essential, including the use of acid-resistant gloves, goggles, lab coats, and working in a well-ventilated fume hood. It must be stored in acid-compatible containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from organic materials, reducing agents, and bases. In case of spills or contact, affected areas should be flushed with plenty of water and medical attention sought immediately.