Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol found in small amounts in fruits and vegetables like plums, strawberries, cauliflower, and pumpkin. Unlike most sugar alcohols, xylitol is achiral due to its symmetrical structure.
🏭⚗️ Production
Xylitol is primarily produced from lignocellulosic biomass (e.g., wood, corn, wheat, rice residues). The process involves:
1. Extracting xylan from biomass
2. Acid hydrolysis to form xylose
3. Purification via chromatography
4. Hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol using a Raney nickel catalyst
Fermentation using yeast (e.g., Candida tropicalis) is another method, though less economical. The U.S. Department of Energy identifies xylitol as a top value-added product from biomass, with a projected market of $1.41 billion by 2025.
🧪 Uses
Used as a sugar substitute in gum, toothpaste, supplements, and pharmaceuticals
Low impact on blood sugar; insulin-independent metabolism
Added to nasal sprays for sinus relief
Used in cooling fabrics to create a refreshing sensation when in contact with moisture
