تترا هیدروفوران

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a colorless, highly polar, and volatile organic solvent widely used in chemical synthesis, polymer production, and as a reaction medium. It is known for its excellent ability to dissolve a broad range of polar and nonpolar compounds.

🏭⚗️ Production
THF is produced industrially by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 1,4-butanediol. Another method includes the catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride or maleic acid followed by purification and distillation.

🔬 Properties
Tetrahydrofuran has the chemical formula C₄H₈O and a molar mass of approximately 72.11 g/mol. It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid with a mild ether-like odor. THF is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents. It has a boiling point of about 66 °C and a relatively low viscosity. THF can form explosive peroxides upon prolonged exposure to air and light.

🧪 Applications
THF is widely used as a solvent in polymer science, particularly in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and other polymers. It serves as a reaction medium in organic synthesis, including Grignard reactions and other nucleophilic substitutions. THF is also employed in pharmaceuticals, coatings, and adhesives manufacturing.

⚠️ Safety
THF is highly flammable and forms explosive peroxides upon storage if not properly stabilized. Exposure to vapors can cause dizziness and irritation of the respiratory tract. It should be handled with adequate ventilation, stored in tightly sealed containers with peroxide inhibitors, and kept away from heat and ignition sources.