Formic acid 85%
| Formula | CH2O2 |
| Density | 1.2 g/cm3 |
| Molar mass | 46.03 g/mol |
| HS code | 29151100 |
| Storage | Without limitation |
| SDS | Available |
| R phrase | R 35 |
| S phrase | S 23.2-26-36/37/39-45 |
| Assay | 83.0 – 88.0 | % | |
| Colour & Description | Conforms | ||
| Identification | Conforms | ||
| Specific gravity | ~ | 1.22 | g/cm3 |
| Dilution test | Conforms |
Formic acid 85% is a colorless, corrosive liquid with a pungent, penetrating odor. It is a concentrated aqueous solution of formic acid and is widely used in industrial, agricultural, and laboratory applications due to its strong acidity and reducing properties.
🏭⚗️ Production
Formic acid is industrially produced by the hydrolysis of methyl formate, which is obtained from the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide. The resulting formic acid is then concentrated to desired purity levels, such as 85%, by distillation. It can also be produced as a byproduct in the manufacture of acetic acid. The 85% solution offers a balance between strength and ease of handling for various applications.
🔬 Properties
The chemical formula of formic acid is HCOOH, and its molar mass is approximately 46.03 g/mol. At 85% concentration, it remains a clear, mobile liquid with a boiling point around 100–107 °C depending on water content. It has a strong, acrid odor and is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents. Formic acid is both a strong organic acid and a reducing agent, capable of participating in redox and esterification reactions. The 85% solution retains the chemical activity of pure formic acid while being slightly less volatile and corrosive.
🧪 Applications
Formic acid 85% is used extensively in the leather industry for tanning and pH adjustment. It serves as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed and silage. In chemical synthesis, it functions as a reducing agent and a reagent for formylation reactions. It is also used in dyeing textiles, rubber coagulation, electroplating, and in laboratories as a solvent or acidifying agent. Additionally, it plays a role in the production of formate salts and esters.
⚠️ Safety
Formic acid 85% is corrosive and can cause severe burns to the skin and eyes upon contact. Inhalation of vapors may lead to respiratory tract irritation, and ingestion is harmful. Due to its acidity and volatility, proper personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats should be used. Work with this compound should be done in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood. It should be stored in a tightly sealed container away from heat sources, bases, oxidizers, and strong reducing agents.
